The energy industry worldwide is undergoing a significant transformation and expansion, moving towards a more sustainable and carbon-neutral state. In this transition, electricity is increasingly chosen to operate systems and processes, driving the shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources to reduce CO2 emissions at the bottom line.
This shift has led to a rise in the number of domestic, industrial, and utility-scale distributed renewable energy plants. As a result, the dynamics of both supply and demand are skyrocketing, pushing existing transmission and distribution grids to their operational limits.
Understanding energy dynamics
The specific situation in various countries, however, depends on multiple factors. This includes overall network coverage, technological maturity, supply quality, geographical conditions, level of industrialization and the presence of energy-intensive industries in each region. Additionally, each country’s reliance on fossil or nuclear energy plays a crucial role. Governments and markets, influenced by these factors may need to provide external or internal incentives to companies to steer the energy transition in desired directions.
The dynamics and trends in regional energy ecosystems are intricately shaped by the stage of development and strategic goals of different countries. For example, nations prioritizing stable and high economic growth may favor a constant and predictable power supply from fossil fuels, rather than integrating renewables as a primary energy source. whereas developing countries might incentivize the development of new technologies to enhance their competitive position. These trends are influenced by specific interests and tactics concerning the ever-present question — who will deliver tomorrow's energy?
Arguably one of the most influential factors shaping energy trends across different countries has been the environmental ramifications of modern industries, alongside the realization of natural resource limitations. In recent years, the visible consequences of environmentally inconsiderate activities have been acknowledged and accepted on a broader scale. This acknowledgment has caused a shift - governments, companies and industries are no longer just talking about it; they’re taking action.
Insights into international trends
So, what exactly does this action look like? Countries worldwide are employing diverse strategies tailored to their unique circumstances and strategic objectives. Governmental initiatives often target specific participants within the energy ecosystem, including private users and industrial entities. For instance, subsidies for heat pumps or private solar photovoltaic systems incentivize individual consumers to adopt renewable energy solutions. Similarly, industrial manufacturers and utilities, along with large-scale energy producers, may be subject to different regulatory measures aimed at achieving specific environmental goals.
Regulatory and government initiatives also greatly differ between countries and wider regions. For instance, in the European Union, the System Operation Guideline (EU, 2017/1485) harmonizes the requirements for transmission service operators (TSO), distribution service operators (DSO) and significant network users (SNU). This regulation aims to ensure proper data exchange among stakeholders and support the integration of renewable plants while maintaining grid resilience.
Digital technologies are changing the game in the energy sector and play a pivotal role in influencing dynamics, particularly in the renewable era. The implementation of digital technologies, such as smart grids, microgrids, and battery energy storage systems (BESS) is dependent on digital interconnection, as well as the operation of advanced algorithms. The economic implementation and operation of energy assets, such as plants, powerlines and substations are only possible with the help of sufficient digital hardware and software solutions.
Whether the energy landscape can embrace this technology varies between geographical locations and their unique infrastructures. In the area of substation automation, for instance, the IEC 61850 standard harmonizes the design, communication and operation of digital substations, leading to an ecosystem of compatible automation devices, tools and practices. This can enable utilities to economically expand and manage their substation infrastructure.
Balancing resilience and adaptability
There are also interesting universal challenges that are emerging on a global scale. On one hand, the sector relies heavily on critical assets, requiring uninterrupted operation 24/7 and demanding robust, carefully implemented configurations. Conversely, as the industry strives towards net zero targets, a significant level of innovation is imperative. The sector needs a careful balance of innovation and trust. Next-generation energy solutions need to achieve the delicate balance between these demands, supporting both resilience and adaptability in equal measure.
The trajectory of energy economies is shaped by multifaceted factors, and we can learn from the insights we get from other countries. While the modernization of grid systems and energy security are overarching global objectives, countries vary significantly in their specific goals and strategies. However, the recognition of planetary boundaries and the urgency of the climate crisis cannot be ignored.
Pioneering nations, alongside forward-thinking corporations and institutions are driving efforts towards a sustainable energy industry. The lessons taken from their initiatives highlight the importance of collaboration across various disciplines, including policy, regulation, markets, research, digitalization, innovation, and social standards. This collective approach is vital for shaping effective energy landscapes and ensuring a sustainable future.
